In programming, a series of objects all of which are the same size and type. Each object in an array is called an array element. For example, you could have an array of integers or an array of characters or an array of anything that has a defined data type. The important characteristics of an array are:

Each element has the same data type (although they may have different values).

• The entire array is stored contiguously in memory (that is, there are no gaps between elements).

Arrays can have more than one dimension. A one-dimensional array is called a vector ; a two-dimensional array is called a matrix.

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A type of data structure in which each element is attached to one or more elements directly beneath it. The connections between elements are called branches. Trees are often called inverted trees because they are normally drawn with the root at the top.

The elements at the very bottom of an inverted tree (that is, those that have no elements below them) are called leaves. Inverted trees are the data structures used to represent hierarchical file structures. In this case, the leaves are files and the other elements above the leaves are directories.

A binary tree is a special type of inverted tree in which each element has only two branches below it.